Bubble, Expectation and Reality
Part One
A few days ago I have met with some friends and during these
encounters have arisen such comments as: "The value of real estate is
increasing." "We are in a strong recovery and property values will
go up soon." "Interest is very low, we will buy properties because is
imminent a strong rise in the prices."
Inclusive a prominent CNN reporter made a comment to an eminent
professor at Princeton University: "If interest rates are extremely low
and there is an improvement in the real estate industry, is it possible that we
are at the gates of another boom in the real estate industry?”
When I hear these comments, idea’s jump to my mind several thoughts
that I can schematize as follows:
It's amazing how after
experiencing the strongest and prolonged recession after the Crack in the 30s,
still our authorities and the general public doesn’t understand to the fullest
extent of this complex and dramatic mortgage crisis and its profound
implications for our economy.
The recent housing bubble was
the gateway to innumerable problems for America and these difficulties can be
summarized as: 1.Paralysis in our credit markets. 2. Illiquidity crisis in many
of our banks (and even the disappearance of many of them). 3. Extinction of many
companies and consequently the loss of millions of jobs. 4. Massive increases
in public spending, it generating a huge budget deficit and a possible impact
of high inflation in the medium term. 5. The export and transmission of the
crisis to different countries (Spain, Greece, Portugal etc.).
Why is the public managing level very limited or almost zero
financial information? But perhaps the most dramatic is the poorly informed are
certain people (educated) and are linked to the everyday the industry. This
includes Attorneys (with practice in real estate), bankers, mortgage brokers,
real estate agents and investors.
Mortgages, Time, Inflation and Interest
When you look historical
performance of real estate (in times of relative economic stability) highlights
several points:
First: The statistics show
that 100 properties (on average) that are traded on the market just 3% are made
in cash.
In other words, for every 100
properties sold in the market, 97 need some form of financing. This ratio
(97/3) is accepted as logical, normal and healthy.
And why this ratio is considered healthy and logical? The reason is
simply a need for the consumer to purchase a property easily and simultaneously
is the need for the banking industry in to create viable business.
When we talk about mortgages
are usually established multiple items and one of them is time. This variable
(time) is a tool that allows the feasibility of this type of financing.
Remember that when we think about mortgages (we talk about extended periods of time
for payment of the obligation). (Long-term Mortgages / usually 30 years).
Because otherwise it would be almost impossible for most borrowers repay their
obligations and consequently buy homes. And at the same time would be very
risky for lenders (banks and investors) to invest its resources in the real
estate industry without a logical perspective of long-term return.
Second: The activity in the real estate industry is linked in direct
proportion to the behavior of interest and inflation. Or in other words: The
fuel that drives the industry is the financing. Just remember as from the late
70's and early 80's the levels of interest rates in the United States was
between 19% and 22% respectively. (These rates were the result of high
inflation that was experienced in those years). This resulted in almost a
paralysis in the industry and a significant decline in prices for the period.
Because it was virtually impossible to buy a property and to repay a mortgage
loan and with these levels of interest. For these years, the industry didn’t
have enough stimulus (low interest) to grow and consequently this genre as
commented strong contraction in the sector.
In the year 2007 the opposite happened. For the five years
(2002-2007) were available relatively abundant low-interest financing. For this
period (2002-2007) existed this powerful stimulus (low interest) and
additionally generated a perverse combination of factors that enabled and
fostered the creation of this famous housing bubble. As basic elements of this
anomaly are: A. Changes and flexibility that the legislation at the time. This
allowed the creation of subprime mortgages or exotic mortgages and consequently
the entrance of derivatives applied to the mortgage industry. B. The
unscrupulous actions of developers, speculators, predatory lenders and
consumers malicious. C. A total blindness by the regulatory authorities.
It is important to note that
interest rates were relatively low (3.5% -5.5%) from mid-2002 to late 2007. For
these years, access to financing was easy and with few restrictions. These
low-interest (was the fuel) that my opinion were the main driver that
significantly stimulated the demand for financing for the acquisition of
properties. And to satisfy this need for financing were created subprime
mortgages or exotic mortgages.
In this respect it is worth remembering an old principle of economic
theory which reads as follows: "Long periods of time with low interest
rates generate medium to long-term distortions in the economy." And this
becomes a fact because consumers usually to observe low-interest (for
relatively long periods of time) begin to incur debt on an accelerated basis
because it's easy and cheap to borrow.
In fact they operate a successful business and even this illusion of
prosperity is rapidly dispersed in the whole society. But once the economy
begins to fatigue and shows a significant increase in interest, the consumer
begins to experience difficulty that paying their obligations. And from this
fracture begins invading negatively effect the entire economy.
Maybe the authorities that established the monetary policy for that
time forgot this old principle and sub-estimated the situation. In fact many
of these individuals were asked "can you see a limit to this prosperity?”
And usually responded this way: "We live in a new era."
"Globalization allows these advances." "Do not worry about the
fundamentals of the economy are strong."
Interest today
Currently there are
historically low interest rates. But the question is: How long can keep this
up? What price will we pay for this? In my opinion, we should look for other
ways to stimulate with more strength and intelligence to the real estate
industry and the economy in general. As I understand the authorities should be
more creative and push a series of structural reforms to a solid recovery and
sustained long-term vision. But above all things they should look for
reasonable solutions and tools that not permit the creation of new housing
bubbles. Because the cost of not understanding the seriousness of the situation,
and especially don’t perceive that changes are needed in the way of doing
things inside the industry, can be dangerous and potentially devastating. The
point is to restore the confidence of all involved (banks, investors, realtors
and especially the consumer) through changes or reforms to credible and logical
operators.
To my mind an exceptional
tool that allows transparency and efficiency is information. But this
information must be clear, honest and especially accessible to the general
public. Informed consumers makes better decisions and usually tend to be less
manipulated. (This point and the other will expand more detail in a subsequent
delivery).